According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). The country faces the common problem of other young . The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. We found two patterns. period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. One possible reason for this is that, for these interviewees, religion is a larger part of [their] orientation system (Ahmad, Citation2006, p. 28). After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. I did Nazr without understanding why. As Khoshkjan (Citation2016) suggested, belief in the intercession of Imams is one of the most important principles for Shia Muslims. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . Attributions and adjustment by cancer patients, Attitude of patients living in Switzerland about cancer and its treatment, Positive psychology from Islamic perspective, Pilgrimage and its dual functions in Iranian Shiitsm, Beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. . A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. The way this is done will depend on the individual Look! I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. Iranian Culture 12 Traditions and Customs Only Iranians Will Understand Posted on 28 July 2019 As in any other country, Iran is ripe with quirks and eccentricities. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. 7. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. (p. 138). Under it, Islamic theologians and mullahs constitute the highest ranks of leadership. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. In this pattern, praying to and conversing with saints and imams are in focus; one interesting finding was that no one reported having turned to Clergies in this respect. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. Careful consideration was made during this phase. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Your family culture influences things like your moral compass, beliefs, values, and traditions. Italian Culture and Its Impact on the World. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . In this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy for help.. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. I never forget Him for a second. By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. These values are neither positive nor negative - they're just differences. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. 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