But until recently, these legal protections didnt apply to children accused of committing violent crimes. Explore our library and get Criminal Justice Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Advocates should push for alternative approaches to violence prevention than the handing down of harsh prison sentences, and policymakers would be wise to institute such changes. \hline \text{Profit Before Tax}&55,515 \\ >> %PDF-1.6 % /Endnote /Note /Type /Pages 10 0 obj 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 444 0 R 445 0 R 446 0 R 447 0 R 448 0 R 449 0 R 450 0 R 451 0 R 452 0 R 453 0 R >> >> /Contents 51 0 R Which of the following is true about the /CS /DeviceRGB Prisons are costly, and the savings the country could realize from imprisoning fewer violent offenders especially first-time offenders who commit less serious crimes could be better spent on other strategies to prevent violence. Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes c. serving short sentences b. learning lessons d. having charges dropped ANS: A REF: 6 OBJ: 1 7. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /F3 25 0 R Unlike adults with mental illness, children have very limited experience managing their disabilities, anxieties, fear, and trauma. /Group << /Group << >> 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R] Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes. in these factors. /Contents 41 0 R Federal and state sentencing guidelines were created to limit prosecutorial discretion so that people committing similar crimes received similar terms of incarceration. One trend during the 1980s was the increase in secure confinement of drug offenders. Violent Crime Control and Law Endorcement Act. 7 [459 0 R 460 0 R 461 0 R 462 0 R 463 0 R 464 0 R 465 0 R 466 0 R 467 0 R 468 0 R /Tabs /S 627 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 628 0 R 629 0 R 630 0 R 631 0 R 632 0 R 633 0 R 634 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R /Parent 2 0 R >> /CS /DeviceRGB 677 0 R 678 0 R 679 0 R 762 0 R 684 0 R 685 0 R 686 0 R 687 0 R 688 0 R 689 0 R 23 0 obj But when a young child is accused of a crime, these legal protections vanish, allowing kids under 14 to be prosecuted in adult court and sentenced to adult prison, even for life. Year12Revenues1,891,466CostofSales(1,737,427)GrossProfit154,039Selling,General,andAdministrativeExpenses(98,524)ProfitBeforeTax55,515IncomeTaxes(23,594)NetIncome31,921\begin{array}{lr} Which goal of punishment is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes? /Tabs /S >> /Filter /FlateDecode 655 0 R] Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes c. serving short sentences b. learning lessons d. having charges dropped ANS: A /Resources << 403 0 R 404 0 R 405 0 R 406 0 R 407 0 R 408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R ;yT:=@29/%$ Which term is used to describe the conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or make a profession? a. deterrence b. incapacitation c. rehabilitation d. /GS16 34 0 R 628 0 R 629 0 R 630 0 R 631 0 R 632 0 R 633 0 R 634 0 R 635 0 R 636 0 R 637 0 R u]5&T07CTG{)DJ(/\:jSj-RMHgYw{X>eOI FLm|IgPtHN9Wo3x%7RzJ0XNXuH6xZ-0#".x7FLu87zw/5?{?y-?l[mhFbZ`Mz/eheLhk"[rh,yDM 1* 618 0 R 619 0 R 620 0 R 621 0 R 622 0 R 623 0 R 624 0 R 625 0 R 626 0 R 627 0 R /Chartsheet /Part Human beings are seen as rational creatures, who, being free to choose their actions, can be held responsible for their behavior. Since 2010, we have successfully represented children across the country to obtain new sentences. nonviolent offenders shorter, more lenient sentences? HW]o|_wv=" ,2`M*2DQ&)8XA? 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R >> Over time, chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections can progress to advanced liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Which of the following were prisons established by the Church in the Middle Ages for 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R 250 0 R 251 0 R 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R /Type /Group /Footer /Sect 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must do which of the following? /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Chronic marijuana use can damage the white blood cells and reduce the immune system's ability to respond to disease by as much as 40%. << /Contents 37 0 R /Dialogsheet /Part /Resources << endobj 31 0 obj /Slide /Part Intensive supervised probation (ISP) was created and first implemented in 1982 in the state of: Boot camps began in adult corrections, but are more recently used for juvenile offenders. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] On May 17, 2010, the Court in Graham v. Florida barred life-without-parole sentences for juveniles convicted of nonhomicide offenses. /StructParents 0 endobj /Length 3190 << 10 [583 0 R 584 0 R 585 0 R 586 0 R 587 0 R 588 0 R 589 0 R 590 0 R 591 0 R 592 0 R obligation with the state is referred to as: A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is known as, The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is. /Font << 498 0 R 499 0 R 500 0 R 501 0 R 502 0 R 503 0 R 504 0 R 505 0 R 506 0 R 507 0 R 26 0 obj A ____________ bond is a money bond levied to ensure the return of a criminal defendant for trial. >> Intermediate sanctions, if successfully completed, cost less than jails and prisons. Prosecutors charge other young kids directly in adult court. 0t-_vi_z,Sf:]q@8]P >l3IUvqa4 [[yN[mqqAv{rBBt# K1>vX4yzP8IQl"mDP9lTb" /StructParents 8 The federal sentencing guidelines originated in October 1984 when Congress passed which federal law---a law that, among other things, abolished parole? << The setting of justice policy is aided by the ____________________ branch of government. What is considered to be one of the most important drives toward professionalism in the American corrections systemth? 4 0 obj /Resources << Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of community corrections acts (CCA)? endstream /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] << /Font << << 742 0 R 743 0 R] CCAs are created by each state's supreme court. During the Middle Ages, those labeled as vagrants, beggars, and delinquents could be forced to work in___________________ for the purposes of punishment and discipline. The changes in Other Noncurrent Liabilities are financing activities. >> Children housed in an adult jail or prison are up to 9 times more likely to commit suicide than those in juvenile facilities. 5 0 obj /S /Transparency Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor. /F2 24 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Type /Page A signature bond is usually given for minor offenses, such as minor traffic offenses, and is based on the defendant's written promise to appear in court. 368 0 R 369 0 R 370 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R 373 0 R 374 0 R 375 0 R 376 0 R 377 0 R Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes. >> /Filter /FlateDecode Fines are more frequently used in cases involving: An intensive form of short-term community supervision that also requires attendance is the: Prerelease centers for inmates that also serve as an intermediate sanction for probationers are called ______________and include probation centers, restitution centers, county work- release centers, and therapeutic communities. 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 6. /Parent 2 0 R >> >> endstream legislative /Font << /Tabs /S )"Hr)-&cAQ)%* "A$49 ld`K`6L&3i$$TEW?o { @@vU\w/`LZ'29>l)y w}b WZAC:-1AD /Length 3176 /Type /Page /F1 23 0 R But researchers dispute and have largely disproven the proposition that incarceration reduces violence over the long run. The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must: a. pay back their victims for their loss. When offenders enter prison, they are often undereducated, have little or no previous work history, lack vocational skills, have lengthy histories of substance abuse, and are more likely to suffer from mental illness (Petersilia, 2003). Unlike other forms, more than 80% of hepatitis C infections become chronic and lead to liver disease. /CS /DeviceRGB 720 0 R 721 0 R 767 0 R 730 0 R 731 0 R 732 0 R 733 0 R 734 0 R 735 0 R 768 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode Studies comparing offenders that some judges give prison sentences while others give only probation demonstrate that imprisonment does little to prevent violence. /Resources << 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must do which of the following? 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 556 0 /F1 23 0 R One major purpose of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Sept. 2011). /StructParents 2 A prison is a county correctional facility that holds people pending trial, awaiting sentence, service a sentence (usually less a year) or awaiting transfer to another facilities after conviction. /Type /Catalog They are if understood as justice reinvestments of savings from excessive imprisonments. For many reasons, imprisonment can actually increase violent behavior after people are released. 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes b. learning lessons c. serving short sentences d. serving short sentences ANSWER: a 19. 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R] >> In 1970, about 1 in 12 cases made it to trial; today, fewer than 1 in 40 felony cases are tried in court. 8 0 obj The remaining changes in Investments in Securities result from purchases and sales. >> /S /Transparency When combined with hepatitis B, hepatitis C now accounts for 75% percent of all cases of liver disease around the world. During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies that were known as a: A major report required of a probation officer is used at the time of sentencing by the judge is known as the: Disclosure of PSI report to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by which U.S. Supreme Court case? /Macrosheet /Part Dealing with the punitively oriented alternative. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. B) learning lessons. 2 0 obj 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R] 25 0 obj /ModDate (D:20160705115253+07'00') Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ____________________ percent. /GS17 35 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R /S /Transparency >> /Group << xZ[s~Mxxtvt>d [rF"vP'#G)V iv&n^R ~M\7w%JbG YK"Y//b?o%xyF,o9r``,2/yOhoHRD EB4ot\~#83r94vV|g_BYG4?SqLI&ER]C%0aGI #B+@OS1A ~?_'|OC*oB 3-.5>9>- FUV+f >c)[94e4(iFK(je F0*DQAF0*dl dyW /F6 48 0 R /Annots [33 0 R] stream Some statutes require sight and sound separation of children in adult facilities to shield them from physical and sexual violence. j+M>wl^c{;^KB{N % 9D>o? /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R 402 0 R 403 0 R 404 0 R 405 0 R 406 0 R 407 0 R a. The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the: The purpose of ___________ programs is to prevent a novice offender from being stigmatized and labeled by the justice system while at the same time sparing the public the cost of unneeded criminal justice processing. /Font << endobj A Natural Experiment Study of the Effects of Imprisonment on Violence in The Community, Centering Health in Designing NYCs New Borough Jails, Opioid Settlement Funds Must Be Used To Tackle Maines Addiction Crisis, A Better Way Forward for the Women at Mass. G G5TR)3XK _J)yua~ Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted. 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB ____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency. endobj /Creator (AlibabaDownload.com) /StructParents 6 stream /F1 23 0 R Complications include permanent blindness, dry-eye syndrome, lung damage, photophobia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, permanent loss of nail beds, scarring of mucous membranes, arthritis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. /GS16 34 0 R Intermediate sanctions are typically administered by county sheriffs. C) serving short sentences. 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 750 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 751 0 R 333 0 R Sentences given by state and federal courts have traditionally been long in the United States. << /Subtype /Type0 endobj /Contents 43 0 R Before the Supreme Court banned the death penalty for juveniles in 2005, 366 people were executed for juvenile offenses.1 Victor L. Streib, The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 February 28, 2005, Death Penalty Information Center (Oct. 7, 2005). /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /S /Transparency 528 0 R 529 0 R 530 0 R 531 0 R 532 0 R 533 0 R 534 0 R 535 0 R 536 0 R 537 0 R >> endstream Seventy percent of those 14 or younger who were sentenced to die in prison were children of color. >> /Type /Page All Rights Reserved. Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes c. serving short sentences b. learning lessons d. having charges dropped ANS: A REF: 6 OBJ: 1 7. << The justification for punishment does not express public outrage. 3 [233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R /Group << The New York System was first adopted in Auburn, New York and focused on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration, especially isolation. While in prison, weaker people may have to learn to fend off victimization by other prisoners by developing more aggressive dispositions or by joining prisoner groups that socialize them into criminal behaviors. >> In 2012, the Court in Miller v. Alabama struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children 17 or younger. Researchers compared convicted felons sentenced to prison in Michigan between 2003 and 2006 to other convicted felons sentenced to probation supervision in the community. 518 0 R 519 0 R 520 0 R 521 0 R 522 0 R 523 0 R 524 0 R 525 0 R 526 0 R 527 0 R /Group << u]5&T07CTG{)DJ(/\:jSj-RMHgYw{X>eOI FLm|IgPtHN9Wo3x%7RzJ0XNXuH6xZ-0#".x7FLu87zw/5?{?y-?l[mhFbZ`Mz/eheLhk"[rh,yDM 1* Who was the English sheriff who advocated jail reform during the 1700s? /Group << 1647 0 obj <> endobj New violent offenses become more not less likely as a result of all these detrimental effects. The Court recognized that the ways in which children are different from adults have to be considered in sentencing. << /Tabs /S 358 0 R 359 0 R 360 0 R 754 0 R 369 0 R 370 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R 755 0 R 381 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The Court did not ban all juvenile life-without-parole sentences, but held that requiring sentencers to consider childrens diminished culpability, and heightened capacity for change should make such sentences uncommon.. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Restitution is the most popular model of restorative justice. /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 697 0 R 698 0 R 699 0 R 700 0 R 701 0 R 702 0 R 703 0 R 704 0 R 705 0 R 706 0 R << Children as young as eight have been prosecuted as adults. /GS16 34 0 R /Textbox /Sect According to the text, citizens are most concerned about the high rate of probationers'_. 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Than 80 % of hepatitis C infections become chronic and lead to liver disease legal protections didnt apply to accused.