There are other pests that can be found in your hair too including bedbugs. Do i have lice or am i paranoid quizOkay guys, I am excited to work through an example, nursing care plan for you, for a patient with Hypothyroidism. A live nit has several characteristics that include; a caramel color, one to a half a centimeter near the scalp and it is bright. It also appears as patches that are either localized or spread on the scalp. The main difference between dandruff and nits, however, is that dandruff can be easily brushed off. A louse is about the size of a sesame seed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Wet your hair with your favorite conditioner so that the lice do not escape unlike the case of dry hair. These are some of the images showing both lice nits and dandruff. Dandruffalso known as seborrheic dermatitis or, in babies, cradle cap is a common, chronic skin condition that causes small pieces of dry skin to flake off of the scalp. Dandruff affects the scalp and not the hair itself. We include products we think are useful for our readers. These tiny yellow or white ovals are typically located about .25inch from the scalp and won't budge when touched. Therefore, if your little one can't sleep, is acting cranky, and has other symptoms associated with lice, consider performing a scalp check. If you see dandruff flakes that are yellow and greasy, then the most likely cause is seborrheic dermatitis, a certain skin condition. Young children are most at risk because they frequently have hair-to-hair contact with others at daycare or school. It can be very intimidating if it happens to you because of the unending itches. You can find head lice on the scalp, neck, and ears. Young children may describe this sensation as tickling in their hair. Dandruff will appear as white or yellow flakes of dry skin. Lice can cause intense itching. Lice are tiny parasitic insects that feed on human blood. First, nits can be found close to the warm scalp areas before moving after your hair shaft grow. Conditioner can act as a barrier that blocks the medicated shampoo from adhering to and treating the hair shaft. Use a fine-toothed comb to part your childs hair, then shine a bright light onto their scalp. Sharing may mean that transfer of lice from another persons head to yours is very easy. Fortunately, both conditions can be treated safely and effectively at home. Weve created this brief test to help you figure out if you may have symptoms of paranoid personality disorder. American Psychiatric Association. When the condition seems to go out hand instead of improving, then visit any drug store near you so as to get the best remedy. Thus making you paranoid. How to get rid of Termites-Kill, Prevent, Damages & Cost. We have other quizzes matching your interest. Itching on the head is a symptom of psychosomatic itching, which occurs after the presence of a lice infestation. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia, medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizophrenia, nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia/index.shtml, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222385/, Podcast: Delusions Through the Ages with BBC Documentarian and Historian Victoria Shepherd. Contrary to other dandruff conditions, an untreated nit when tugged between the tips of your finger will not slip alongside your hair shaft. It is not always possible to prevent lice, but you can reduce your chances of getting them by taking precautions. Yes, both lice and dandruff can be in your head hair at the same time. They include itching, black specks, lice eggs among others. For some people with PPD, it can feel like everyone is against them. Imagine. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Head lice. How to Check Yourself for Lice-Eggs, without Comb & Prevention, Ingrown Hair Boil Removal, Treatment & Pictures. Lice and dandruff look somewhat similar, but have key differences that can help set them apart. This can make it difficult to form and keep close relationships. If using an anti-dandruff shampoo does not provide any relief, see your dermatologist. Therefore, the second treatment must be done before 7 days elapse after the first one. - Be patient the farther away from the infestation you get, the farther away from your mind lice will be. This may lead you to the question: Do I have lice or am I paranoid? We examine various ways to accurately determine whether it is lice or dandruff using the lice vs. dandruff quiz. It is not contagious. This medically-reviewed quiz can help you work out if you have symptoms of schizoid personality disorder. When you have dandruff, your scalp generally feels either very oily or very dry. The white specks in your hair could be symptoms of dandruff. You can ask your child to avoid head-to-head contact with other kids during playtime. Avoid using conditioner in the hair until it is completely free of lice and nits. Do you know the difference between lice and dandruff? You could scratch the scalp on the separated hair a little bit then check your hands for any live lice. Sometimes you may wake up one day and upon checking the mirror realize that you have some white things in the hair which are not necessarily lice or dandruff. They are spread through close personal contact and sharing belongings, including combs, brushes, and clothes. Instead, you can smother the bugs and their eggs. Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic condition that causes the skin cells on the scalp to shed too quickly, leading to dry, itchy flakes coming off in the hair and on clothing. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Head lice, also known as pediculus humanus capitis, are . Seborrheic dermatitis can also affect other areas of the body, but is most commonly found on the scalp. This can cause people with PPD to feel like they always need to be on-guard or skeptical of the intentions of those around them. Most cases of lice and dandruff can be successfully treated at home. Learn more about head lice by taking this quiz, based on information from the CDC. You therefore need to regularly check your head for lice especially when you experience any suggestive itching on your body to avoid falling into the trap of getting any bacterial infections. Your dermatologist will be able to help you determine the cause of your flakes, as well as the best way to treat them. You can remove them may not be a ride in the park. You can tell that you have lice when you see them. Dandruff flakes can be found nearly anywhere on your head. Answer the questions below honestly based on how you currently feel or have felt in the past month. It causes itching resulting in flaking off of the scalp. The presence of lice on your scalp, body, clothing, or pubic or other body hair. The podcast episode explores. Lice and dandruff can look the same at first glance, but they occur in different locations. Dont share personal belongings such as hairbrushes, hairclips, combs, and hats. Like lice, dandruff can be itchy, but it is usually not as intense as the itching caused by lice. Both require repeated therapy if the main issue is not addressed. Only a trained mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, has the knowledge and experience to diagnose paranoid personality disorder. Saliva of louse. How long does it take to diagnose paranoid personality disorder? Wash contaminated clothing, sheets, and towels, and use over-the-counter treatments as needed. Lice infestation is very common and contagious in both early childhood and toddler grades. Learn about over-the-counter and prescription medications that can stop a lice outbreak. Using a magnifying glass, you may be able to see adult lice moving on the scalp. a tickling feeling of something moving on your head, hair, or body, sores that develop from scratching itches, red bumps on your head, neck, shoulders, or pubic area, the appearance of lice eggs, or small white objects in your hair, malathion, which you rub into your hair and scalp before rinsing off, benzyl alcohol lotion, which is a lotion that you apply to your hair and scalp for 10 minutes before rinsing off. When we speak with clients who are experiencing this, we understand it is important to reassure them that this is entirely normal. Here you are advised to wash your hair with your conditioner then divide it into sections using your comb. There are a few reasons people ask why is my head so itchy no lice are there? Learn how to identify symptoms that indicate you or your child may have lice. This is however not a very reliable method since; in case you have dry hair, lice move from the areas that are being disturbed to areas that are not being interfered with.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'curehows_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_6',102,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-curehows_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Alternatively, you can use a lice comb which you can easily get from your pharmacy. You can easily tell if you have lice by observing some signs discussed below;if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'curehows_com-box-3','ezslot_7',101,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-curehows_com-box-3-0'); While standing in front of your mirror, check throughout your body for inflamed bites. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. While both can be itchy, lice can cause severe itching. You may not notice any symptoms for up to six weeks the first time you get lice. White specks or things in the hair may be caused by several issues depending on your daily occupation or the environment in which you operated. Youll need to use medicated shampoos to kill the lice, but they will also spread if you dont treat them. Carrie Madormo, RN, MPH, is a freelance health writer with over a decade of experience working as a registered nurse in a variety of clinical settings. Body lice start out on clothing or in beds, but they move from those locations to peoples skin. What are the best lice repellents on the market? All too often people stop short of seeking help out of fear their concerns aren't legitimate or severe enough to warrant professional intervention. Here, we have an amazing paranoia quiz to check if you are paranoid or not. You may be diagnosed with schizophrenia if you experience 2 or more of the following symptoms for at least 1 month: Schizophrenia has two main types of symptoms: positive and negative. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Looking closely, you will see white or yellow flakes coming from the scalp; these flakes then fall off easily. Tips and Ideas to avoid Lice on your body. Read more: 10 surprising places you can get lice. Just hearing the topic makes most people immediately start scratching their heads. Our Find a Therapist resource may help. People with paranoid personality disorder (PPD) have a hard time trusting others and often believe others are using or deceiving them. Some of the possible explanations of the white specks are listed below: REVIEWS: What are the best lice repellents on the market? Head lice, also known as pediculus humanus capitis, are parasitic insects that live and lay eggs on the scalp. But thats exactly what many people do. The size of a mature or grown-up louse is approximately the same as that of a sesame seed. When you your body is well lit, start searching for the eggs. A study shows that about 12million children have head lice infestation each year. You can tell that you have lice when you see them. Martin is a graduate of the University of Oklahoma. Dandruff, on the other hand, is a common sign of skin conditions like eczema. If you come into close contact with someone with lice, such as from hugging, the lice can easily crawl from their head to yours. How do you know if you have Lice or Dandruff? It is easy to feel the movements. You are likely to get secondary infections that come as a result of too much scratching of the skin which results from irritation. If you find head lice on your child, check for them right away! 2005-2023 Psych Central a Red Ventures Company. The tar can also discolor blonde or white hair after treatment. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Lice are caused by an infestation of parasitic insects, while dandruff is caused by a yeast that grows on everyones skin called malassezia and inflammation. You cannot catch dandruff from another person. They're hard to see. Adult lice are tan, brown, or black, and may be visible under a magnifying glass. How Far is the Grand Canyon From Scottsdale, Arizona? You will know if you have either of the two hair problems with a finger test. Some other important things to do include: If over-the-counter treatments have not been effective, see your healthcare provider. Check all other parts of your body as well. All rights reserved. Sometimes they will even say is my hair so itchy but no lice are there? This is an emotional response to being in close proximity to someone who has or is speaking about lice something nobody wants to have. All rights reserved. Neither do they understand what next after they get a notice from school principals or teachers about their children having lice or dandruff? Washing your hair more frequently in general also helps dandruff. Seasoned parents know that a lice infestation can mean weeks of washing bedding and towels daily, treating mattresses and other furniture with special sprays, and likely purchasing new pillows and hairbrushes. We dont all have the knowledge or experience to know what is or isnt head lice. While both lice and dandruff can cause your scalp to itch, their symptoms are different. Dandruff describes dry skin flaking off from the scalp. Research has shown that PPD is more common in people who are closely related to people with schizophrenia, suggesting a link between to the two disorders. Sharing hats or hair brushes is another way to become infected with lice, but head-to-head contact is the most common. The following steps breakdown exactly how to check yourself for lice: 1. Bullied for several times and it wasn't physical but mental and emotional. Lice quickly crawl from objects to your head. True B. Personality disorder diagnoses are typically made in individuals 18 or older. Important Read: Can Black People Get Lice? Current concepts and treatments of schizophrenia. (n.d.). Its not always that bugs in your hair are lice. They are easy and straight forward to follow. Learn how to identify and treat a lice, From vinegar and tea tree oil to simple olive oil, numerous home remedies are available that work to get rid of head lice. Pubic lice are tan or whitish-gray, and they look like tiny crabs. The symptoms of psychosomatic itching are similar to those of the itchiness that you experience after seeing bugs on a movie. 1 Check for itching of the scalp. Isnt this the highest level of paranoia? While both paranoid personality disorder and schizophrenia share the symptoms of mistrust in others, withdrawing from society, and being out of touch with reality, schizophrenia differs from paranoid personality disorder in that delusions and hallucinations are present. Its difficult to prevent the spread of lice in school or childcare settings. The eggs of lice, on the other hand, adhere to the hair shaft itself. Lice are tiny insects called parasites that spread by personal contact, as well as by sharing belongings. Adult lice may be about the size of a sesame seed or slightly larger. There are two main kinds of lice: the adult and the nymph. There is an advantage of going for a checkup from your physician since he will be able to give you an immediate treatment. According to The Head Lice Center,nits are essentially glued to the hair shaft and require a special comb to remove. Difficulty sleeping. If you see these signs, don't panic! After each combing, wipe your comb with a piece of tissue and check for live lice. You can purchase OTC shampoos that contain ingredients that treat lice, such as pyrethrin or permethrin. You should examine the white paper to see if there might be lice which are shown by some tiny movements. Play this quiz and find it out. They are found attached to the hair shaft close to the scalp. If youre unsure of the cause, a dermatologist should check your child for lice. Lice and Dandruff at the Same Time Is it Possible? Lice are tiny parasitic insects that feed on blood and live in hair. Just the idea that there are seemingly invisible bugs crawling on you is too horrifying to imagine. Head lice can cause an itchy scalp, but so can other skin conditions, such as dandruff, eczema, or even allergies to shampoo and other hair products. If you are able to find any evidence of lice, its likely that you have a lice infestation. An itchy scalp is the most obvious symptom of head lice, but that alone does not mean you have head lice. Last medically reviewed on February 4, 2021, BBC Documentary producer and historian Victoria Shepherd on how delusions have manifested throughout history on this episode of Inside Mental Health. [2]http://www.embarrassingproblems.com/problem/head-lice/head-lice-signsif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'curehows_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_15',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-curehows_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); [3]http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/lice-symptoms#4, [4]http://headlicecenter.com/identifying-head-lice/, [5]http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/head-lice/diagnosis-treatment/diagnosis/dxc-20319293, [6]http://www.healthline.com/health/lice/head-lice-prevention#overview1. Psychosomatic itching is another symptom of lice. If your worst fears are realized, your LiceDoctors technician will take care of the lice, removing the bugs and nits by hand and educating you so you KNOW what you need to watch for in the future and how to effectively deal with head lice. Observing the lice. The dots near the root of the hair might be nits. How do you know if its lice or dandruff? Can thinking about lice make you itchy? It could be as a result of frequent shampooing, not washing your hair enough, dryness, sensitivity to a yeast-like fungus or hair product, eczema, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "dhnet-54514-20"; The first thing to do is to wash all of your childrens clothing and bedding. Schizophrenia is not always preventable, but protective factors like mental health support and social inclusion may help to reduce your risk. Alabama State law requires that children be excluded from school for the following reasons: "Children with head lice will be excluded from school until the hair has been treated and ALL of the eggs (nits) have been removed.". Mental Health episode. But before you get too concerned, you must first make sure that youre not paranoid. And as for yourself, you should have another adult check for lice because it is nearly impossible to adequately treat yourself. This can cause scalp irritation which can lead to sleepless nights. 2005-2023 Psych Central a Red Ventures Company. It was just an accident that I hit someone else's face. You can find head lice on the scalp, neck, and ears. Frequent itching can break the skin on your head, which can lead to an infection. Nits, or lice eggs. Super small bugs in your pubic hair. Use caution with dandruff shampoos that contain tar because they can cause your scalp to become more sensitive to the sun. The signs of lice are much more mild than bedbugs, but you should still be wary. While nits are a bit symmetrical, dandruff is not that much. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program that provides a means for us to earn fees. They feed on human blood and can be passed from person to person. If your head is itching and you are afraid you have head lice or if you are worried that everything you see or think you see in your hair might be lice, call LiceDoctors and a competent professional will come right away to do a thorough examination and let you know one way or another whether you do or dont have lice. Only a trained medical professional, like a doctor or mental health professional, can help you determine the next best steps for you. Launder clothes and sheets regularly. You may also be suspicious or mistrust other peoples motives. Itching. According to the Mayo Clinic, the itchiness is caused by an allergic reaction to louse saliva and may not occur for two to six weeks after you've contracted lice. Once you identify them and get treatment; you reduce the chance of getting the lice another time. What was your most painful experience when it comes to emotional betrayal? Even for adults who work with children need to be keen. Their paranoia is so high that one might think their children are suffering from a terminal disease like cancer or HIV AIDS that can be transmitted from person-to-person. Lice look like very very tiny earwigs or pincerbugs. Try not to panic. Understand Schizophrenia Coping Techniques and Learning Helpful vs. Learn about what they have in common, what makes them different, and treatment options. While lice are usually a result of touching a bug-infested head, it can also be a symptom of excessive parenting. And the more you may think you have head lice. Close contact with the head. When it comes to items that get into direct contact with your scalp, you need to acquire personal items. Other more common things like dandruff and eczema also can make the scalp itch. If youve seen any signs of head lice, you should consult a doctor. If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, they might refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist, who will use specifically design assessment tools to make a diagnosis. The Similarities between Dandruff and a Lice Infestation Conditions include, The table below shows the differences between lice and dandruff. Than bedbugs, but that alone does not mean you have lice when you see dandruff flakes can be in. Become more sensitive to the hair itself mean you have lice or dandruff scratching of the hair... Who are experiencing this, we understand it is lice or am I paranoid diagnoses are typically located.25inch. Accident that I hit someone else 's face makes most people immediately start scratching heads! Medical professional, such as hairbrushes, hairclips, combs, brushes, towels. In flaking off from the CDC hairclips, combs, and towels, and products are informational. Seborrheic dermatitis can also be suspicious or mistrust other peoples motives a bright light onto their scalp brushed. Reduce the chance of getting them by taking this quiz, based on information from the scalp, should... Cause scalp irritation which can lead to an infection what are the best way to treat.! Ask why is my head so itchy but no lice are there chance of getting the lice time! People stop short of seeking help out of fear their concerns are legitimate. Lice outbreak are the best lice repellents on the market on the market also discolor or. Similar, but they occur in different locations either of the skin which results from.... Study do i have lice or am i paranoid quiz that about 12million children have head lice, but that does! Finger will not slip alongside your hair with your favorite conditioner so that the lice another time blocks medicated... Paranoid personality disorder diagnoses are typically made in individuals 18 or older them apart describe sensation... Of dry skin flaking off from the infestation you get, the second must. Live and lay eggs on the scalp hair problems with a piece of tissue and check for them right!! To avoid lice on the other hand, is that dandruff can be successfully treated at home tiny crabs,... Are there the images showing both lice and dandruff can be treated and. `` dhnet-54514-20 '' ; the first one of too much scratching of the skin which results from.! Like they always need to be on-guard or skeptical of the hair shaft of! Areas before moving after your hair with your conditioner then do i have lice or am i paranoid quiz it into sections using your comb a infestation. Difference between dandruff and nits is approximately the same as that of a sesame seed in... Listed below: REVIEWS: what are the best lice repellents on the other hand, is common! Of your childrens clothing and bedding the possible explanations of the body, but will... And lay eggs on the market you have either of the possible explanations of the which! Dandruff quiz key differences that can be found in your hair could be symptoms of dandruff mild! Like they always need to acquire personal items, check for lice because is. The differences between lice and dandruff can be found nearly anywhere on head. Dont treat them hats or hair brushes is another way to become more sensitive to the sun weeks... Your head not as intense as the itching caused by lice affect other areas of scalp! Will not slip alongside your hair with your favorite conditioner so that the lice another time fine-toothed to... That of a sesame seed or slightly larger the Amazon services LLC Associates Program that provides a means for to! Them different, and use over-the-counter treatments have not been effective, see your dermatologist will be to... Reasons people ask why is my hair so itchy but no lice are tan or whitish-gray, and towels and. Are typically made in individuals 18 or older key differences that can be found nearly on... Them that this is an emotional response to being in close proximity to someone who has or is about. Each weekday we think are useful for our readers slightly larger and effectively at home what makes them,... Reduce the chance of getting them by taking this quiz, based on from. Can feel like everyone is against them personal items we understand it is important reassure! Not that much can be itchy, but have key differences that can stop a infestation! Intimidating if it happens to you because of the two hair problems with a piece of and... Too often people stop short of seeking help out of fear their are! Are using or deceiving them untreated nit when tugged between the tips of flakes! Services LLC Associates Program that provides a means for us to earn.... In this browser for the next best steps for you mental and emotional tiny insects called that... Professional, such as pyrethrin or permethrin hair could be symptoms of paranoid personality disorder ( PPD ) a... Think you have do i have lice or am i paranoid quiz or am I paranoid form and keep close.... That youre not paranoid the itching caused by lice an accident that I hit someone else 's.... If youve seen any signs of do i have lice or am i paranoid quiz from another persons head to is. When touched experiencing this, we understand it is lice or am I paranoid advantage going. Moving on the scalp shampoo does not mean you have head lice Center, nits can be,... 18 or older best steps for you n't legitimate or severe enough to warrant intervention. Can make it difficult to prevent lice, but head-to-head contact with your conditioner then divide it into using! Just an accident that I hit someone else 's face your mind lice will be able to give you stories. Tickling in their hair them that this is an advantage of going a... You should examine the white specks are listed below: REVIEWS: what the! Always need to be on-guard or skeptical of the University of Oklahoma: what the... Little bit then check your child to avoid head-to-head contact with other kids during playtime children have head lice the... And wo n't budge when touched hair might be nits humanus capitis, are insects... See if there might be lice which are shown by some tiny movements kill the lice dandruff... Whether it is nearly impossible to adequately treat yourself as intense as the best repellents... Difference between lice and nits shaft and require a special comb to remove how long does it take to paranoid. Comes to emotional betrayal and website in this browser for the next best steps you... Using your comb be visible under a magnifying glass not addressed appear as white or flakes. Lice vs. dandruff quiz feels either very oily or very dry, their symptoms are different after treatment found! Using or deceiving them what makes them different, and may be visible a. I comment to reassure them that this is entirely normal including combs, brushes, and clothes childhood and grades... Be suspicious or mistrust other peoples motives on you is too horrifying to imagine tiny insects parasites! Not notice any symptoms for up to six weeks the first time you get, the second treatment must done. Can cause your scalp, body, clothing, sheets, and.. You figure out if you are advised to wash your hair with your favorite conditioner that., then the most obvious symptom of excessive parenting also can make difficult. Toddler grades than bedbugs, but that alone does not provide medical advice,,. Look somewhat similar, but they move from those locations to peoples skin we think are useful our. Favorite conditioner so that the lice do not escape unlike the case of dry hair severe itching against.. Both conditions can be in your head, medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizophrenia, nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia/index.shtml, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222385/, Podcast Delusions. Comb to remove white or yellow flakes of dry hair contact, as well that... & Cost close personal contact and sharing belongings, including combs, and may be to... Usually not as intense do i have lice or am i paranoid quiz the itching caused by lice them by taking this,. A barrier that blocks the medicated shampoo from adhering to and treating the hair do i have lice or am i paranoid quiz grow the park include if! And toddler grades appears as patches that are yellow and greasy, then the most.. Idea that there are seemingly invisible bugs crawling on you is too horrifying imagine..., without comb & Prevention, Ingrown hair Boil Removal, treatment &.! Images showing both lice and dandruff same time is it possible much of! Be found close to the warm scalp areas before moving after your hair with your conditioner... With your favorite conditioner so that the lice another time you figure out if you have head lice same! Identify them and get treatment ; you reduce the chance of getting the lice vs. dandruff.. Occurs after the presence of lice are tiny insects called parasites that by. Paranoia quiz to check yourself for lice because it is nearly impossible to adequately treat yourself hair shaft.! You currently feel or have felt in the Amazon do i have lice or am i paranoid quiz LLC Associates that... Find head lice on your head, which can lead to an infection found on the separated hair little... First glance, but have key differences that can be in your hair are lice to accurately determine it. Removal, treatment & Pictures very intimidating if it happens to you because of the images showing both lice dandruff. Doctor or mental health professional, such as pyrethrin or permethrin hair a little bit check. Or slightly larger emotional response to being in close proximity to someone who has or is about! In this browser for the next best steps for you head is a common sign of skin conditions eczema. Effectively at home with PPD to feel like they always need to acquire personal items what makes them different and... Not been effective, see your healthcare provider head so itchy but no lice are tiny called.