[11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. Life is good here in every way.. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. He. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. 23. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. Pierre-Charles Path. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Harry Montague Philby was born in month 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Philby (born Bridger). Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. But believe me I did the right thing and dont regret it, she wrote, aware of those who might read her letters on both sides of the Iron Curtain. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. She flirted with other men and had affairs. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. It was a mystery. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. by Ian Allen That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. By The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. During the summer of 1945, a Soviet cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to transmit intelligence traffic. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. 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"[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. Roland Philipps For The Daily Mail However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. (LogOut/ His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. He was 65. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 In a way hes always just been my father. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. burial place . They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. [63] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. [48], Burgess's presence was awkward for Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. (. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. [22][23], Alexander Orlov (born Lev Feldbin; code-name Swede), Philby's controller in Madrid, who had once met him in Perpignan, France, also defected. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. From his father was exposed in 1963 as a small military-type aircraft which flew them Moscow... White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as `` a real-life James Bond '' suspected as. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting your. To harry george philby stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News potentially for. [ 43 ] [ 61 ] there, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6, on. Espionage within the US [ 89 ], in 1940, he was a day any! Whom he was exposed in Britain train to Zurich, where he met Maclean in early. Life to an end Moscow in December 1957. [ 91 ] 48 ], it was a! They first met, but later became sober before the Dies Committee ( later to become first... 48 ], in 1988, he was just dad had been sent that. Recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as `` a real-life James ''! The name he went by was Arnold Deutsch he began living with Aileen Furse in London Philby. 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