The powers of Congress are limited to those enumerated in the Constitution; all other powers are reserved to the states and the people. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,077,520,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), 18.937 million New York-Newark, 12.534 million Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, 8.937 million Chicago, 6.707 million Houston, 6.574 million Dallas-Fort Worth, 5.490 million WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) (2023), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female NA0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est. )1.81% (2019 est.). GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. The fiscal year refers to the year in which it ends. ), forest revenues: 0.04% of GDP (2018 est. ), 0.738 (2015 est. In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. The Central Command is responsible for defending and promoting U.S. interests in 20 nations in the Middle East, Central and South Asia, and the strategic waterways that surround them. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 7,768,500 bbl/day (2018 est. These laws concern issues such as traffic, the sale of alcohol and the keeping of animals. note: data are in current year dollars$2.813 trillion (2020 est.) The need for a united policy during the War of Independence led the thirteen states to draft and approve an organic document for a national government. The opposite of this system of government is a centralized . )Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est. Georgia sent four men, most notably University of Georgia founder Abraham Baldwin, who played a critical role in what came to be known as the "Great Compromise." ), $63,700 (2021 est. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Divided government is the opposite, it occurs when one party controls the white house, and another party controls one or more houses of Congress. The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, a city within a federal district (the city of Washington in the District of Columbia, where most of the federal government is based), five major self-governing territories and . Hundreds of laws, executive orders and court cases have modified the governmental status of tribes vis--vis individual states, but the two have continued to be recognized as separate bodies. "[12] Many presidential actions are undertaken via executive orders, presidential proclamations, and presidential memoranda. U.S. judges are appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the Senate. )exports: 14,134,679,000 kWh (2020 est. Population centers may be organized into incorporated municipalities of several types, including the city, town, borough, and village. ), 1.0298 (2013 est. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. The Constitution stipulates only that each state must have, "a Republican Government". In other words, power is shared between the Federal and state (local) governments. The three branches of the government are as discussed below. Emefiele has not been in the country for several . )expenditures: 3.981 trillion (2017 est. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D.C., "Washington" is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. [4] The president nominates judges to the nation's highest judiciary authority, the Supreme Court, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. An official website of the United States government. )carbon dioxide emissions: 5,006.3 megatons (2016 est. One of the theoretical pillars of the U.S. Constitution is the idea of "checks and balances" among the powers and responsibilities of the three branches of American government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. Jones had pleaded guilty on May 10, 2022. The .gov means it's official. [22], The president and vice president are normally elected as running mates by the Electoral College; each state has a number of electoral votes equal to the size of its Congressional delegation (i.e., its number of Representatives in the House plus its two senators). Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Because state governments are not authorized to print currency, they generally have to raise revenue through either taxes or bonds. ), total: 8.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Help . ), 97.44 (2013 est. Each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. ), total population: 80.59 yearsmale: 78.36 yearsfemale: 82.79 years (2022 est. )biomass and waste: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Unitary System One central government controls weaker states. The Articles of Confederation allowed for each of the 13 states to exist as independent, sovereign entities. )exports: 188,401,779,000 cubic meters (2021 est. )note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP, 9.86% (of GDP) (2020 est. As a result of the Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia, American Indian tribes are considered "domestic dependent nations" that operate as sovereign governments subject to federal authority but, in some cases, outside of the jurisdiction of state governments. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. ); an estimated 18.7% of the total US population is Hispanic as of 2020, English only 78.2%, Spanish 13.4%, Chinese 1.1%, other 7.3% (2017 est. Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") Chair Jerome Powell spoke at a symposium hosted by the Swedish Central Bank on Tuesday. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Many newer systems have SEER ratings as high as 26. note: data are in current year dollars$2.546 trillion (2019 est.) In addition, each house may name special, or select, committees to study specific problems. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. However, by the 1970s, state gov- . Imported oil accounts for more than 50% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Certain cities have consolidated with their county government to form consolidated city-counties, or have been legally separated from counties altogether to form independent cities. An official website of the United States government Here's how you know )99.15% of GDP (2018 est. In the early years of the United States, voting was considered a matter for state governments, and was commonly restricted to white men who owned land. The number of representatives each state has in the House is based on each state's population as determined in the most recent United States Census. Air conditioners use about 6% of all the electricity produced in the United States, at an annual cost of about $29 billion to homeowners. ), 108.76 (2016 est. The daily enforcement and administration of federal laws is in the hands of the various federal executive departments, created by Congress to deal with specific areas of national and international affairs. Under the U.S. Constitution, the representation of U.S. territories and the federal district of District of Columbia in Congress is limited: while residents of the District of Columbia are subject to federal laws and federal taxes, their only congressional representative is a non-voting delegate; however, they have participated in presidential elections since March 29, 1961. However, a different perspective existed concerning local government, which was captured in Tocqueville's classic work. SEER indicates the relative amount of energy needed to provide a specific cooling output. Congress has the power to remove the president, federal judges, and other federal officers from office. The heads of the 15 departments, chosen by the president and approved with the "advice and consent" of the U.S. Senate, form a council of advisers generally known as the president's "Cabinet". Examples: The United States, Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court. What has become clear is that not all localities face the same trade-offs. Central air conditioners are rated according to their seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). These include the White House staff, the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Council on Environmental Quality, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. In addition, there are government-owned corporations such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the National Railroad Passenger Corporation. NMFS announces a U.S. stakeholder meeting open to the public to discuss North Pacific albacore (NPALB) management. Apply for Consulting Sales Manager, State & Local Government - Central US job with Adobe in Remote, Minnesota, United States of America. The specific governmental powers of counties vary widely between the states, with those in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and some parts of Alaska and Massachusetts having little or no power, existing only as geographic distinctions. Slave patrols had three primary functions: (1) to chase down, apprehend, and return to their owners, runaway slaves; (2) to provide a form of organized terror to deter slave revolts; and, (3) to maintain a form of discipline for slave-workers who were subject to summary justice, outside of the law, if they violated any plantation rules. The US is obligated to help it just as much as Texas and Florida. [10] The Constitution directs the president to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"[9] and requires the president to swear or affirm to "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. The U.S. Constitution mandates that all states uphold a. ), conventional long form: United States of Americaconventional short form: United Statesabbreviation: US or USAetymology: the name America is derived from that of Amerigo VESPUCCI (1454-1512) - Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer - using the Latin form of his name, Americus, feminized to America, name: Washington, DCgeographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in Novembertime zone note: the 50 United States cover six time zonesetymology: named after George WASHINGTON (1732-1799), the first president of the United States, 50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Islandnote: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994), 4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain), history: previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine of the 13 states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789amendments: proposed as a "joint resolution" by Congress, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by at least two thirds of the state legislatures; passage requires ratification by three fourths of the state legislatures or passage in state-held constitutional conventions as specified by Congress; the US president has no role in the constitutional amendment process; amended many times, last in 1992, common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law, except Louisiana, where state law is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts, withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: no, but the US government acknowledges such situtations exist; US citizens are not encouraged to seek dual citizenship since it limits protection by the USresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: President Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senateelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)election results: 2020: Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. elected president; electoral vote - Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. (Democratic Party) 306, Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 232; percent of direct popular vote - Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. 51.3%, Donald J. TRUMP 46.9%, other 1.8%2016: Donald J. TRUMP elected president; electoral vote - Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 304, Hillary D. CLINTON (Democratic Party) 227, other 7; percent of direct popular vote - Hillary D. CLINTON 48.2%, Donald J. TRUMP 46.1%, other 5.7%, description: bicameral Congress consists of:Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years)House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024)House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024)election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 51, Republican Party 49; composition - men 75, women 25, percent of women 25% House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 222, Democratic Party 213; composition - men 307, women 128, percent of women 29.4%; note - total US Congress percent of women 28.6%note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term (except for the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico who serves a 4-year term); the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a full floor House vote; election of delegates last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024), highest court(s): US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices)judge selection and term of office: president nominates and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices serve for lifesubordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territoriesnote: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact, Democratic Party [Jaime HARRISON]Green Party [collective leadership]Libertarian Party [Angela McARDLE]Republican Party [Ronna Romney MCDANIEL], ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, USMCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship, red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glorynote: the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico, bald eagle; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "The Star-Spangled Banner"lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITHnote: adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song"; only the first verse is sung, total World Heritage Sites: 24 (11 cultural, 12 natural, 1 mixed); note - includes one site in Puerto Ricoselected World Heritage Site locales: Yellowstone National Park (n); Grand Canyon National Park (n); Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (c); Independence Hall (c); Statue of Liberty (c); Yosemite National Park (n); Papahnaumokukea (m); Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point (c); The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright (c); Mesa Verde National Park (c); Mammoth Cave National Park (n); Monticello (c); Olympic National Park (n). 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