Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Rights of the minorities are protected too. Different states also have different laws making it hard to enforce law on visitors who had moved in the state. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. 2 Top 5 Advantages Of Federalism. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. 6 0 obj So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. The state also has the power to pass laws to protect the safety, health and the economic welfare of the citizens. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpC_7fPE3-A. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. Need a custom Assessment sample written from scratch by student. stream A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. If the policy proves to be beneficial, then it can be expanded to be used nationwide. The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Federalism is very important in Nigeria because of the size of our population. Need to regulate interstate commerce power. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. 5. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. May 7, 2015. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. The federal system makes decision making more complex and difficult. Federalism allows national governments to fight the local ones. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. must. It is also promotes regional inequalities. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Different communities have unique requirements that they must meet to maximize their quality of life. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. We utilize security vendors that protect and Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. There is a need to establish institutions for the study offederalism in Nigeria and to reduce ethnic and ideological biases in research on Nigerian federalism. Over the course of the nation's history it is clear that there are many advantages to federalism. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This means autonomous states or regions come together to form a larger [] Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. His answer was that federalism a political system permitting a large . Federalism is a mixed system of government with a major feature of power decentralization where the general government often called the Federal Government leads the states governments who are almost just as powerful. so that you can track your progress. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. The national government also possess concurrent powers which enable them to exercises along with the state government. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. (2019, November 23). Two local governments can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education. The two levels always have final authority and self governance in specific areas. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 3. This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. They can formulate policies which might be detrimental to other regions. It is difficult to enforce law on criminals because of federalism. Federalism provides ways by which these . Excellent, thanks a lot f The priorities of the majority receive more attention with Federalism. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. This is where the regional government steps in. For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. The pros and cons of federalism provide evidence that it is usually better for a society and nation if there is a system of power sharing available for the government. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. /BitsPerComponent 8 /Length 14727 Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? By diffusing power to multiple branches of office, like the U.S. does with the executive, legislative, and judicial segments, it becomes more challenging for one division to take over the country. The comparison of the results of these policies can give a clear idea of which policy is better and thus, can be adopted in the future. Knowing what you can or cannot do can be a confusing process, especially when there are conflicting statements offered by the different parties. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Your email address will not be published. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. Most of the democratic countries in the world today use this method of governing, including Australia, Canada, India, and the United States. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. regions, states, provinces. 2023. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. For the time being the focus rests on advantages. The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. Another government might offer a significant tax break to a company that encourages them to place offices in one location and not another. 2.5 It Encourages Innovation In Governing. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. The desire to have war powers was also one of the reasons why national government power was increased since 1788. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. In fact, Nigeria can be seen as a prime example of the "resource curse", a phenomenon where natural resource wealth leads to poor economic growth and development and an increased likelihood for civil conflict. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. Needs/Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Opinion. The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Hawaii made it against the law to place a coin in your ear. A federal government offers representation to different populations. Rt. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. in or register, /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB 1. house of representatives and the Senate). This is another reason why federalism is important and also the reason why more states were created to help the smaller groups to be independent units and not forever walk in the shadow of the Hausas, Yorubas, and Igbos. Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. 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